Database Management Systems (AL-502) - Important Questions

What is ER Diagram / ER-model? Explain its components and notations/symbols for entities, attributes and relationships, with an ER diagram illustration e.g., for Employee Project Management System.

Explain the various data models of DBMS in detail.

Describe the architecture of DBMS and explain each component.

What is a data model? Explain object-oriented and relational data models with suitable examples.

What is schema? Explain overall database structure with suitable example.

Define database languages in DBMS and describe DDL, DML, DCL and TCL with commands and examples.

Explain DDL and Embedded SQL with examples.

Write a short note on any two of the following.

Define E-R model with example. How to convert an E-R model into Tables? Explain.

Define database system. Summarize the advantages of database system.

What is database schema? Describe Physical schema and Logical schema.

Explain the Functions of database Administrator.

Explain keys in the relational model — super key, candidate key, primary key, alternate key and foreign key — with suitable examples.

Explain integrity constraints over relations and their types (domain, entity, referential integrity) with suitable examples.

Explain Fundamental operations in relational algebra with examples.

Explain relational algebra and illustrate Theta Join, Equi Join and Natural Join with examples.

Explain the Outer Join operation in relational algebra.

Explain about Domain relational calculus with examples.

Explain indexing in relational databases. Discuss different types of indexes and their role in improving query performance.

Discuss the importance of integrity and referential integrity constraints.

List out the various join operations and explain briefly with suitable examples.

Discuss the SELECT, PROJECT and DIVISION operations in relational algebra with examples.

Write short notes on any two:

How to alter, destroy and views table? Explain with suitable queries.

Given a relation with functional dependencies, find candidate keys / identify normal form and decompose/normalize the relation up to 3NF.

Explain the conditions required for a relation to be in 3NF with examples.

State BCNF and explain how it differs from 3NF.

What is Functional Dependency? Describe the properties of FD's.

Define optimization. Discuss the steps involved in query optimization.

Explain the steps to convert a relation from 3NF to BCNF.

Explain Optimization methods.

Define join dependency and explain how it differs from multivalued dependency and functional dependency.

Explain why 4NF is more desirable than BCNF with the help of an example.

Define Normalization. Explain second normal form with the help of an example.

What is a locking protocol? Explain shared locks, exclusive locks and strict two-phase locking protocol for concurrency control.

What is serializability and how to test serializability of a schedule, including conflict serializable and view serializable schedules with examples?

Explain timestamp-based concurrency control techniques with examples.

Explain transaction processing / transaction system in DBMS, including transaction states and ACID properties.

Discuss recovery from transaction failures, log-based recovery techniques and the role of checkpoints.

What is deadlock in DBMS? Explain deadlock detection, prevention and recovery techniques.

Discuss about Comparative study of OODBMS Vs DBMS.

Explain different types of advanced recovery techniques.

List and explain various types of specialized locking techniques used in DBMS.

What do you understand by distributed databases? Give the various advantages and disadvantages of distributed database management system.

Explain log-based recovery Protocol.

Explain Multiple Granularity Concurrency control scheme.

What is a cursor? Explain nested and parameterized cursors.

Write short notes on any two of: DML, Multimedia, Triggers, Stored Procedures.

Explain Hierarchical queries and inline queries with suitable examples.

What do you understand by database security? Explain authentication and authorization mechanisms in DBMS by explaining how do they ensure database security.

Explain cursor management in PL/SQL with explicit, nested and parameterized cursors with examples.

Describe the usage of parameters in procedures.

Discuss the limitations of user defined functions.

Explain the advantages of stored procedures with an example.

What is Trigger? Explain in detail with an example.